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Eat More While Losing Weight

A number of people may at one or another point in their lives experience a weight problem.

Many people who feel, or are, overweight try to eliminate the extra pounds by eating less; this crash attempt many times leads to detrimental health effects.Undoubtedly, overweight issues should be first be brought to the attention of a qualified physician and dietitian who is the most suitable to prescribe a proper strategy that will eventually, with patience, lead to the desired effects.

Crash diets frequently lead to weight gain rather than weight loss since the individual’s body, or metabolism, responds in such a way as to lead the individual to massive eating, or pigging out, to replace the perceived loss of energy.

One of the largest research projects called Diogenes, and dealing with proper nourishment and effective dieting has lead to the conclusion that effective weight loss (without any collateral damage or related side effects) can be accomplished by a high protein low carbohydrate diet. This diet must be accompanied by ample high fiber, fruit and vegetable intakes as university of Copenhagen researchers point out in their treatise in the New England Journal of Medicine.

The research which involved a group of about 950 individuals concludes that individuals following such a diet can eat to their limits, without incurring any extra weight while actually positioning their bodily functions towards actual weight loss.The related control group which usually ate to the brim, actually gained about half a kilo in a six month period, while other groups following other diets gained about two kilos.

The consumption of high protein from foods such as meat, fish, poultry, eggs, low fat dairy products, beans and nuts leads to faster intake satisfaction than other food combinations, and effectively less fat.

The strategy detailed by the Danish scientists comes terribly close to what is known as the Atkins diet, which is followed by a number of well known Hollywood celebrities. The scientists however emphasize that while the Atkins method involves 50% of daily calorie intake from protein, the Diogenes diet invokes a 23% protein based calorie intake.

The latest research results suggest that a classical Greek salad, the crown jewel of the so-called Mediterranean diet, which incorporates fresh tomatoes, fresh green peppers, olives, onions, cucumber, capers, parsley, topped with feta cheese and lavishly embellished with oregano and ample virgin olive oil may be an ideal food candidate for those wishing to engage in a fulfilling healthy and high energy low fat meal.

Sources:

The New England Journal of Medicine, Diets of High and Low Protein Content

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Bounded Rationality and Management Decision Making

The concept and associated decision model of bounded rationality was first discussed by Herbert Simon in his celebrated book Models of Man published in 1957 by John Wiley and Sons.

Simon basically stipulates that individual decision making is not rational as assumed by a number of theories, especially dealing with economics issues. Individual decision making is limited by a number of boundary conditions such as the individual's intellectual traits, time, and non perfect information.

Non perfect information for example, can pertain to limited access to reliable information or raw information, information corruption through layered processing and/or simply lack of information.

Usually a number of models dealing with economics and the social sciences assume, for the sake of simplicity that humans on average are rational entities and have sufficient if not more than enough information to make the most rational decision. For example, the basic microeconomic concept of marginal utility rests on this basic assumption of rational choice.

Simon's theory of bounded rationality states that individuals as entities are only partially rational and behaviour as well as decision making is influenced by a number if nonrational factors including emotions, prejudices and other subjective biases (Simon, Herbert (1957). "A Behavioral Model of Rational Choice", in Models of Man, Social and Rational: Mathematical Essays on Rational Human Behavior in a Social Setting. New York: Wiley).

When applied to management decisions, managers, usually because of time constraints, lack of information, and cognitive factors usually make numerous daily decisions and seek to make the best possible decision considering the circumstances, rather than the optimal decision; the optimal decision would be the most rational decision under perfect circumstances. Perfect circumstances include perfect information.


This also implies that a particular manager faced with the same challenge but at different time may make a different decision at that time.

So instead of employing purely rational problem optimization techniques, mainly because of the complexity of the situation, cost/time and cognitive limitations, managers will opt for a heuristic approach to problem solving (such as trial and error, best or educated guesses, and past experiences) to come up with the best decision possible which may or may not approach an optimal decision, if such exists.

Bounded Rationality Explained Through an Example

The concept of bounded rationality can be illustrated by a simple purchasing example:
John wishes to buy a new and expensive stereo system. John, in trying to decide on a particular brand consults with a number of friends, relatives as well as trade journals. John decides to purchase ReasonableStereo. While at the store, the saleswoman, Janet, explains and proves to John that he can do much better with his budget if he goes for OptimalStereo. OptimalStereo gives better value for money with respect to cost, performance and fidelity, design, warranties as well as style.
John nevertheless, even if he would receive more value for his money with OptimalStereo, OptimalStereo being the rational choice, opts for ReasonableStereo.